Manual Maple 2.3.2.mws

Comandos Úteis e Simples

Seção 2.3: Aplicações de Cálculo

Session 2.3.2: int

>    restart;

>    int( sin(x), x );

-cos(x)

>    int( sin(x), x ) + C;

-cos(x)+C

>    int( ln(x)/(1+x), x );

dilog(1+x)+ln(x)*ln(1+x)

>    Digits := 30;

Digits := 30

>    Int( exp(x^2), x=0..1 ) = int( exp(x^2), x=0..1 );

Int(exp(x^2),x = 0 .. 1) = -1/2*I*erf(I)*sqrt(Pi)

>    evalf( % );

1.46265174590718160880404858686 = 1.46265174590718160880404858686

>    int( x^3*sin(m*x), x );

1/m^4*(-m^3*x^3*cos(m*x)+3*m^2*x^2*sin(m*x)-6*sin(m*x)+6*m*x*cos(m*x))

>    collect( %, [cos,sin], expand );

(-1/m*x^3+6/m^3*x)*cos(m*x)+(3/m^2*x^2-6/m^4)*sin(m*x)

>    restart;

>    int( tanh(x^2), x );

x+int(-2*1/(exp(x^2)^2+1),x)

>    forget(int);

>    infolevel[int] := 5;

infolevel[int] := 5

>    int( tanh(x^2), x );

int/indef1:   first-stage indefinite integration

int/indef2:   second-stage indefinite integration

int/trighexp:   case of integrand containing exp and hyperbolic trigs

int/indef1:   first-stage indefinite integration

int/indef2:   second-stage indefinite integration

int/trighexp:   case of integrand containing exp and hyperbolic trigs

int/rischnorm:   enter Risch-Norman integrator

int/rischnorm:   exit Risch-Norman integrator

int/risch:   enter Risch integration

int/risch/algebraic1:   RootOfs should be algebraic numbers and functions

int/risch:   the field extensions are

[x, exp(x^2)]

int/risch:   Introduce the namings:

{_th[1] = exp(x^2)}

int/risch/int:   integrand is

(_th[1]^2-1)/(_th[1]^2+1)

int/risch/int:   integrand expressed as

1-2/(_th[1]^2+1)

int/risch/ratpart:   integrating

-2*1/(_th[1]^2+1)

int/risch/ratpart:   Hermite reduction yields

Int(-2*1/(_th[1]^2+1),x)

int/risch/ratpart:

Rothstein's method - resultant is:

(1-2*z*x)^2

nonconstant coefficients: integral is not elementary

int/indef1:   first-stage indefinite integration

int/indef1:   first-stage indefinite integration

int/indef2:   second-stage indefinite integration

int/exp:   case of integrand containing exp

int/prpexp:   case ratpoly*exp(arg)

int/risch/exppoly:   integrating

1

int/risch/int:   integrand is

1

int/ratpoly/horowitz:   integrating

1

int/risch/ratpoly:   result is

x

int/risch/exppoly:   integral of the "constant term" is

x

int/risch:   exit Risch integration

int/indef1:   first-stage indefinite integration

int/indef1:   first-stage indefinite integration

int/indef2:   second-stage indefinite integration

int/exp:   case of integrand containing exp

int/prpexp:   case ratpoly*exp(arg)

int/rischnorm:   enter Risch-Norman integrator

int/rischnorm:   exit Risch-Norman integrator

x+int(-2*1/(exp(x^2)^2+1),x)

>    restart;

>    f := sin(3*arcsin(x));

f := sin(3*arcsin(x))

>    int( f, x );

int(sin(3*arcsin(x)),x)

>    F := -1/2*(2*x^2-3)*x^2;

F := -1/2*(2*x^2-3)*x^2

>    restart;

>    int( t^n, t=0..1 );

limit(-(t^(n+1)-1)/(n+1),t = 0,right)

>    int( 1/(1+x^n), x=0..1 );

Definite integration: Can't determine if the integral is convergent.

Need to know the sign of --> n

Will now try indefinite integration and then take limits.

int(1/(1+x^n),x = 0 .. 1)

>    assume( n > 0 );

>    int( 1/(1+x^n), x=0..1 );

int(1/(1+x^n),x = 0 .. 1)

>    int( 1/(a^8+x^8), x=0..1 );

1/8/a^8*LerchPhi(-1/(a^8),1,1/8)

>    int( 1/(a^n+t^n), t=0..1 );

1/(a^n)*hypergeom([1, 1/n],[(n+1)/n],-a^(-n))

>    restart;

>    int( 1/sin(x), x=-1..1 );

undefined

>    int( 1/sin(x), x=-1..1, CauchyPrincipalValue );

0

>    int( 1/x^2, x=-1..1 );

infinity

>    int( 1/x^3, x=-1..1 );

undefined

>   

>    restart;

>    plots[setoptions](colour=BLACK);

>    f := 1/(2+sin(x));

f := 1/(2+sin(x))

>    plot( f, x=-3*Pi..3*Pi );

[Maple Plot]

>    F := int( f, x );

F := 2/3*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*(2*tan(1/2*x)+1)*sqrt(3))

>    plot( F, x=-3*Pi..3*Pi, discont=true, colour=black );

[Maple Plot]

>    limit( F, x=Pi, right );

-1/3*Pi*sqrt(3)

>    limit( F, x=Pi, left );

1/3*Pi*sqrt(3)

>    int( f, x=-2*Pi..2*Pi );

4/3*Pi*sqrt(3)

>    evalf( % );

7.255197458

>    evalf( Int( f, x=-2*Pi..2*Pi ) );

7.255197457

>